Upper Extremity Venous Anatomy
In the upper extremity the deep veins share the name of the artery they accompany. In the hand forearm and upper arm the superficial system functions as the principal means for venous drainage.
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The veins of the upper extremity are divided into two sets superficial and deep.
Upper extremity venous anatomy. Veins for the upper extremity direct blood flow from the hand wrist forearm upper arm and shoulder to the ipsilateral central thorax veins and ultimately the superior vena cava. Dorsal digital veins dorsal metacarpal veins palmar digital veins intercapitular veins dorsal venous network palmar venous network cephalic vein basilic vein median antebrachial vein. Chronic venous disease may affect the upper extremity after an acute thrombotic event of any cause or in any patient with longterm catheterization.
Basic superficial venous anatomy of the arm. The brachial veins are the largest in size and are situated either side of the brachial artery. The venous drainage of the upper limb consists of a superficial system which drains to a higher pressure deep venous system.
Veins of the upper extremities are grouped into deep veins which are accompanying veins of arteries from which they derive their names latin. It is formed by paired veins which accompany and lie either side of an artery. Vena comitantes and superficial veins.
This vein as well as the deep veins act as counterparts to the arteries supplying the arm by bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The diagnosis of chronic venous disease is considerably more challenging than acute venous disease because enlarged thrombusfilled veins are not present. There is more of a variation in the anatomy of the upper extremity.
True most of this variation involves the median cubital veins and their connection with the basilic and cephalic veins. The hand is a very mobile part of the upper limb and we perform very specialised tasks with it every day key adaptations can be seen in the specialised structures of the hand. The two sets anastomose frequently with each other.
Chronic upper extremity venous disease. Well start by looking at the superficial venous system and well start distally. The deep veins follow the same course as the arteries of the upper limb.
The deep veins accompany the arteries and constitute the venæ comitantes of those vessels. The deep venous system of the upper limb is situated underneath the deep fascia. The superficial veins are placed immediately beneath the integument between the two layers of superficial fascia.
Upper limb dvt ultrasound normal anatomy basic deep venous anatomy of the arm.
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